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杜邦家族

已有 345 次阅读2024-12-3 07:39 |个人分类:American Art (History)|系统分类:转帖-知识

和SACKLER Purdue Pharmaceutical 卖鸦片类药物一样

杜邦家族(DuPont Family)因创立杜邦公司(DuPont)而闻名,其在美国的工业和政治领域拥有长期而深远的影响。然而,这个家族及其公司在多起争议事件中受到批评,其中两件与政府相关的事件对其声誉造成了严重损害:

1. 特氟龙与PFAS(“永久化学品”)争议

杜邦公司因生产和使用全氟和多氟烷基物质(PFAS)而卷入了重大环境和健康丑闻。这些化学物质被称为“永久化学品”,因其难以在环境中降解,并被发现污染了水源,对健康构成了严重威胁,包括致癌风险和其他疾病。

  • 与政府及监管机构的关系:
    杜邦被指控压制科学研究、淡化风险,并游说政府监管机构以避免对PFAS实施更严格的监督。内部文件显示,该公司几十年来知道这些化学物质的危险性,却未采取足够措施保护公众。

  • 声誉影响:
    2019年电影《黑水》(Dark Waters)和媒体的广泛报道揭露了杜邦公司如何操控监管框架以减少责任。这些事件严重损害了杜邦公司及家族的公众形象。

2. 反垄断问题与政治影响力

在20世纪初至中期,杜邦因其垄断行为和与美国政府的关系受到严格审查。

  • 二战期间的战争暴利:
    杜邦在两次世界大战期间是军需物资的主要供应商,这让其成为因“战争暴利”而受批评的对象。其与政府签订的合同被认为利润丰厚,有时甚至被视为不公平的优势

  • 反垄断诉讼:
    在20世纪中期,杜邦因其在通用汽车公司(General Motors, GM)中的控股权而面临反垄断指控。政府指控杜邦利用其对通用汽车的控制权为其产品创造不公平的竞争优势。1957年,美国最高法院判决杜邦败诉,迫使其出售了通用汽车的股份。

综合影响

尽管杜邦家族在后期逐渐与公司分离,但这些争议事件的遗留问题始终困扰着家族的声誉。这些事件凸显了人们对企业权力、监管失灵和环境不负责任的担忧,从而严重削弱了公众对杜邦家族及其公司的信任。

4oThe DuPont family, known for founding the DuPont Company, has had a long history of significant industrial and political influence in the United States. While the family and the company have been involved in many controversies over the years, two major incidents stand out as particularly damaging to their reputation in connection with government and public trust:

1. Teflon and PFAS ("Forever Chemicals") Controversy

The DuPont Company's involvement in the production and use of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), including those used in Teflon, has been one of the most significant environmental and health scandals. These chemicals, commonly known as "forever chemicals" because they do not break down in the environment, were found to contaminate water supplies and pose serious health risks, including cancer and other diseases.

  • Government and Regulatory Ties:
    DuPont was accused of suppressing scientific research, downplaying risks, and lobbying government regulators to avoid stricter oversight of PFAS. Internal documents revealed that the company knew about the dangers of these chemicals for decades but failed to take adequate measures to protect the public.

  • Reputation Impact:
    The release of the film Dark Waters (2019) and broader media attention shed light on how DuPont allegedly manipulated regulatory frameworks to minimize accountability. This significantly tarnished both the company's and the family's reputation.

2. Antitrust Issues and Political Influence

In the early to mid-20th century, DuPont faced scrutiny for its monopolistic practices and relationships with the U.S. government.

  • World War II Profiteering:
    DuPont played a major role in supplying munitions and materials during both World Wars, which made them a target of criticism for alleged war profiteering. Their contracts with the government were seen as lucrative and sometimes unfairly advantageous.

  • Antitrust Lawsuits:
    In the mid-20th century, DuPont faced antitrust allegations for its controlling interest in General Motors (GM). The government filed a lawsuit, claiming DuPont leveraged its GM stake to create unfair advantages for its products. The Supreme Court ruled against DuPont in 1957, forcing the company to divest its GM shares.

Overall Impact

The DuPont family, while separate from the company in later years, has carried the legacy of these controversies. These events highlighted concerns about corporate power, regulatory capture, and environmental irresponsibility, which eroded public trust in the family and the company.


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